力学性能试验焊接接头的力学性能试验主要包括以下四种方法。
Mechanical property test The mechanical property test of welded joints mainly includes the following four methods.
①拉伸试验。
① Tensile test.
拉伸试验不仅可以测定焊缝的强度和塑性。同时还可以发现断口处的缺陷。并能验证所用焊材和施工工艺的正确与否。
Tensile test can not only measure the strength and plasticity of weld. At the same time, defects at the fracture can also be found. It can also verify the correctness of welding materials and construction process used.
②弯曲试验
② Bending test
弯曲试验是用来检验焊接接头的塑性，可以反映出接头各区域的塑性差别。暴露焊接缺陷和考核熔合线的结合质量。
The bending test is used to check the plasticity of the welded joint, which can reflect the plastic difference of each area of the joint. Expose welding defects and assess the bonding quality of the fusion line.
③冲击试验
③ Impact test
冲击试验用以考核焊缝余属和焊接接头的冲击韧性和缺口敏感性。
The impact test is used to assess the impact toughness and notch sensitivity of weld residual and welded joints.
④硬度试验
④ Hardness test
硬度试验可以测定焊缝和热影响区的硬度。还可以间接估算出材料的强度。用以比较出焊接接头各区域的性能差别及热影响区的淬硬倾向。
The hardness test can measure the hardness of weld and heat affected zone. The strength of the material can also be estimated indirectly. It is used to compare the performance difference of each zone of the welded joint and the hardening tendency of the heat-affected zone.