钢结构房屋施工步骤
Construction steps for steel structure houses
(1)下料
(1) Blanking
根据图纸确定下料的尺寸和数量→下非标准件料→下8M房架料→下4M房架料→下支撑钢柱料→下8M房架联接件料→下4M房架联接件料→下钢柱联接件料→下房架檩条和拉条料→将所下材料按用料先后合理摆放并编号下料时对材料要合理使用，做到正确排料，避免不必要的浪费，以减少工程费用。
Determine the size and quantity of cutting materials according to the drawings → lay down non-standard parts → lay down 8M room frame materials → lay down 4M room frame materials → lay down support steel column materials → lay down 8M room frame connecting parts materials → lay down 4M room frame connecting parts materials → lay down steel column connecting parts materials → lay down room frame purlins and braces materials → arrange and number the materials according to their usage first and then reasonably, and use them reasonably when cutting materials to ensure correct layout, avoid unnecessary waste, and reduce engineering costs.
(2)主体结构
(2) Main structure
地面放样→复查尺寸→焊接8M房架正面→刷防锈漆→焊接8M房架反面→刷防锈漆→刷面漆→焊接4M房架正面→刷防锈漆→焊接4M房架反面→刷防锈漆→刷面漆→焊支撑钢柱→刷防锈漆→刷面漆→焊联接件→刷防锈漆→刷面漆→房架檩条和拉条防腐→对所有结构件按吊装顺序编号码放焊接时要注意型材的摆放方向，防腐过程中要将焊渣清除干净。
Ground setting out → rechecking dimensions → welding the front of 8M room frame → applying rust proof paint → welding the back of 8M room frame → applying rust proof paint → applying finish paint → welding the front of 4M room frame → applying rust proof paint → welding the back of 4M room frame → applying rust proof paint → applying finish paint → welding support steel columns → applying rust proof paint → applying finish paint → welding connection parts → applying rust proof paint → applying finish paint → anti-corrosion of room frame purlins and braces → numbering and stacking all structural components according to the lifting sequence, and paying attention to the placement of profiles during welding During the anti-corrosion process, the welding slag should be removed thoroughly.
(3)运输
(3) Transportation
确定运输路线→确定装车顺序→装车捆绑固定→为超长超宽构件挂警示标志→将构件按照吊装的反程序进行码放运输时捆绑固定要牢靠防止构件运输途中滑落伤人，装车时注意吊装摆放方式的正确性，支承要合理，避免构件产生塑性变形。
Determine the transportation route → Determine the loading sequence → Bind and fix the vehicle → Hang warning signs for ultra long and ultra wide components → Stack and transport the components according to the reverse lifting procedure. When transporting, the binding and fixing should be firm to prevent the components from slipping and injuring people during transportation. When loading, pay attention to the correctness of the lifting and placement method, and the support should be reasonable to avoid plastic deformation of the components.
(4)吊装焊接
(4) Hoisting welding
检查基础尺寸的准确度并弹线→完成电焊机布置并具备使用条件→吊支撑钢柱→找平找正焊接→设置临时爬梯→吊8M房架并固定→焊联接件→吊4M房架并固定→焊联接件→搭跳板→焊房架檩条和拉条→补漆在吊装之前应对构件和钢绳进行一次全面检查，构件有无变形和裂痕，钢绳有无断丝，同时复查预埋件尺寸位置是否准确，以保证工程质量和吊装安全。
Check the accuracy of the basic dimensions and snap the line → Complete the arrangement of the welding machine and meet the usage conditions → Hang the support steel column → Level and align the welding → Set up temporary ladder → Hang the 8M room frame and fix it → Weld the connecting parts → Hang the 4M room frame and fix it → Weld the connecting parts → Build the springboard → Weld the purlins and braces of the room frame → Touch up the paint. Before lifting, a comprehensive inspection should be conducted on the components and steel ropes to check for any deformation or cracks, and whether the steel ropes are broken, At the same time, recheck the accuracy of the size and position of the embedded parts to ensure engineering quality and lifting safety.
(5)盖瓦收尾
(5) Cover tile closure
每次作业完成后要把屋顶上的工器具清理干净，盖瓦时搭接方向要一致。
After each assignment is completed, clean the tools on the roof and ensure that the overlapping direction is consistent when covering the tiles.
主要项目施工方法
Main project construction methods
(1)结构制作：
(1) Structural fabrication:
a.地面放样。在制作现场按1∶1的比例完成8米房架和4米房架的放样工作。并对所有尺寸进行复查。
a. Ground layout. Complete the layout work of the 8-meter and 4-meter room frames in a 1:1 ratio on the production site. And recheck all dimensions.
b.完成房架正面主框架的制作后，再进行正面防腐。注意在制作时一定要将结构件垫至同一水平后方可焊接，防止结构件产生扭斜。焊接时应将所有构件点焊牢固后才可进行满焊操作，以防因焊缝收缩而导致房架产生焊接变形。
b. After completing the production of the front main frame of the house frame, the front anti-corrosion will be carried out. Note that during production, the structural components must be cushioned to the same level before welding to prevent twisting and tilting of the structural components. During welding, all components should be firmly spot welded before full welding can be carried out to prevent welding deformation of the building frame caused by weld seam shrinkage.
c.房架反面焊接。正面防腐后将房架翻身进行反面焊接，反面焊接时注意角钢的方向应与正面一致，焊后再进行支脚焊接与防腐。房架翻身时，利用三角架完成，不可强行翻转，以免房架变形。
c. Welding on the reverse side of the room frame. After anti-corrosion on the front side, turn over the house frame for reverse welding. When welding on the reverse side, pay attention to the direction of the angle steel should be consistent with the front side. After welding, perform support foot welding and anti-corrosion. When turning over the house frame, use a tripod to complete it, and do not forcefully flip it to avoid deformation of the house frame.
d.当完成房架制作后，应对其补漆，并摆放在成品区，以方便下一个房架的制作及装车运输。摆放时摆放方式要正确性，支承要合理，避免构件产生塑性变形。
d. After completing the production of the frame, it should be repainted and placed in the finished product area for the convenience of the next frame production and loading transportation. When placing, the placement method should be correct, and the support should be reasonable to avoid plastic deformation of the components.
(2)结构安装：
(2) Structural installation:
a.安装前根据总包方提供的建筑物轴线、标高及其轴基准点、标高水准点，复测轴线和标高。找出预埋件位置,对预埋件测量弹线。
a. Before installation, re measure the axis and elevation according to the building axis, elevation and its axis reference point, elevation benchmark provided by the General Contractor. Find the position of the embedded parts and measure the snap lines on the embedded parts.
b.支撑钢柱的安装与固定。钢柱的安装靠吊车吊至安装点后利用线锤进行找正，找正方法如下：
b. Installation and fixation of supporting steel columns. The installation of steel columns is carried out by lifting them to the installation point with a crane and using a plumb bob for alignment. The alignment method is as follows:
在钢柱圆周方向分出两个相互垂直的点，并沿轴线方向测出一条相等线段，用线锤吊线，测量轴线上下点与线锤的距离是否相等。找正后应立即固定，固定后再松开吊钩。
Divide two mutually perpendicular points in the circumferential direction of the steel column, and measure an equal line segment along the axis direction. Use a plumb bob to hang the line and measure whether the distance between the upper and lower points of the axis and the plumb bob is equal. After alignment, it should be fixed immediately and then the hook should be released.
c.完成房架的绑扎翻身与就位。房架的绑扎点应在上弦节点附近，翻身扶直房架时，吊索与水平线的夹角不可小于60度，吊装时不可小于45度，绑扎点应以房架的重心为中心，对称布置。考虑房架的侧向刚度较差，在翻转时，应进行临时加固。
c. Complete the binding, flipping, and positioning of the room frame. The binding point of the room frame should be near the top chord node. When turning over and straightening the room frame, the angle between the sling and the horizontal line should not be less than 60 degrees, and when lifting, it should not be less than 45 degrees. The binding point should be symmetrically arranged centered around the center of gravity of the room frame. Considering the poor lateral stiffness of the house frame, temporary reinforcement should be carried out during flipping.