建筑钢结构工程特点和焊接难点
Characteristics and welding difficulties of building steel structural engineering
纵观目前我国建筑钢结构工程现状和发展趋势，越来越具有现代化建筑风格和科技含量高的建筑特征，其主要特点是：
Looking at the current situation and development trend of China's building steel structural engineering, it is increasingly characterized by modern architectural style and high technological content. Its main characteristics are:
1、造型新颖独特，结构体系繁多，节点构造复杂，焊接接头形式多，构件制作和现场安装中的焊接技术难度越来越大。例如 ：国家体育场“鸟巢”钢结构工程有大量的复杂的桁架柱、主桁架、次结构焊接节点，焊缝纵横交错，施工难度很大。
1. The design is novel and unique, with a variety of structural systems, complex node structures, and various forms of welded joints. The welding technology in component production and on-site installation is becoming increasingly difficult. For example, the "Bird's Nest" steel structural engineering of the National Stadium has a large number of complex truss columns, main trusses, and secondary structure welded joints. The welds are crisscrossed and the construction is very difficult.
2、建筑高度高，结构跨度大，抗震性能设计对主要钢结构焊接质量要求很高。如：框架梁与柱的连 接焊缝，剪力板与柱的连接焊缝，梁腹板与柱的连接焊缝和柱的拼接焊缝等，都是结构的主要部位，基本上都是坡口熔透一级焊缝，100%超声波探伤，对焊接质量要求非常高。
2. The building height is high, the structural span is large, and the seismic performance design has high requirements for the welding quality of the main steel structures. For example, the connection welds between frame beams and columns, the connection welds between shear plates and columns, the connection welds between beam webs and columns, and the splicing welds between columns are all the main parts of the structure. Basically, they are grade one welds with groove penetration, and 100% ultrasonic testing requires very high welding quality.
3、使用钢材品种规格多，而且越来越多趋 向于使用低合金高强度结构钢和大厚度钢材，随着钢铁生产工艺水平的不断提高，铸钢、奥氏体不锈钢、复合钢板也得到越来越多的应用。因此，要求现场施工前，针对所使用钢材的交货状况，要实时进行新钢种的焊接性试验，探索科 学的焊接工艺参数，制定相应的焊接工艺措施。
3. There are various types and specifications of steel used, and there is an increasing trend towards using low alloy high-strength structural steel and large thickness steel. With the continuous improvement of steel production technology, cast steel, austenitic stainless steel, and composite steel plates are also being more and more applied. Therefore, it is required to conduct real-time weldability tests on new steel grades based on the delivery status of the steel used before on-site construction, explore scientific welding process parameters, and develop corresponding welding process measures.